Motor Name Plate Terminology
Service Factor:
The service factor is a multiplier that indicates the amount of overload a motor can be expected to handle. If a motor with a 1.15 service factor can be expected to safely handle intermittent loads amounting to 15% beyond its nameplate horsepower.
For example, many motors will have a service factor of 1.15, meaning that the motor can handle a 15% overload. The service factor amperage is the amount of current that the motor will draw under the service factor load condition.
Slip:
Slip is used in two forms. One is the slip RPM which is the difference between the synchronous speed and the full load speed. When this slip RPM is expressed as a percentage of the synchronous speed, then it is called percent slip or just “slip”. Most standard motors run with a full load slip of 2% to 5%.
Synchronous Speed:
This is the speed at which the magnetic field within the motor is rotating. It is also approximately the speed that the motor will run under no load conditions. For example, a 4-pole motor running on 60 cycles would have a magnetic field speed of 1800 RPM. The no-load speed of that motor shaft would be very close to 1800, probably 1798 or 1799 RPM. The full load speed of the same motor might be 1745 RPM. The difference between the synchronous speed and the full load speed is called the slip RPM of the motor.
Motor Torque:
When the motor starts and begins to accelerate the torque generally decrease until it reaches a low point at a certain speed it is called the pull-up torque. The Pull-up Torque is the minimum torque developed by the electrical motor when it runs from zero to full-load speed (before it reaches the break-down torque point).
Pull-up torque is the minimum torque developed during the period of acceleration from the locked rotor to the speed at which breakdown torque occurs. Some motor designs do not have a value of pull-up torque because the lowest point may occur at the locked rotor point. In this case, pull-up torque is the same as locked rotor torque.
For motors that do not have a definite breakdown torque (such as NEMA design), pull-up torque is the minimum torque developed up to rated full-load speed. It is usually expressed as a percentage of full-load torque
Starting Torque (Locked Rotor Torque):
The amount of torque the motor produces when it is energized at full voltage and with the shaft locked in place is called starting torque. The Locked Rotor Torque or Starting Torque is the torque the electrical motor develops when its starts at rest or zero speed. It is the amount of torque available when power is applied to break the load away and start accelerating it up to speed. A high Starting Torque is more important for applications or machines hard to start – such as positive displacement pumps, cranes, etc. A lower Starting Torque can be accepted in applications such as centrifugal fans or a pump where the start load is low or close to zero
Full Load Torque:
Full load torque is the rated continuous torque that the motor can support without overheating within its time rating. In imperial units the Full-load Torque can be expressed as T full-load torque (lb-ft) = (Rated horsepower of Motor X 5252) / Rated rotational speed (rpm) In metric units the rated torque can be expressed as Full-load torque (Nm) = (Rated KW of Motor X 9550) / Rated rotational speed (rpm) Example: The torque of a 60 hp motor rotating at 1725 rpm can be expressed as T full-load torque = 60 X 5,252 / 1725 (rpm) T full-load torque = 182.7 lb-ft
Peak Torque:
Many types of loads such as reciprocating compressors have cycling torques where the amount of torque required varies depending on the position of the machine. The actual maximum torque requirement at any point is called the peak torque requirement. Peak torques are involved in things such as punch presses and other types of loads where an oscillating torque requirement occurs
Pull-Out Torque (Breakdown Torque):
Breakdown torque is the maximum torque the motor will develop with rated voltage applied at rated frequency without an abrupt drop in speed. Breakdown torque is usually expressed as a percentage of full-load torque The load is then increased until the maximum point is reached.
Motor Details:
Volts:
Rated terminal supply voltage.
Amps:
Rated full-load supply current. Some motor nameplates have FLA - Full load Current
H.P.:
Rated motor output in Horsepower
R.P.M:
Rated full-load speed of the motor.
Hertz:
Rated supply frequency
Frame:
The external physical dimension of the motor is based on the NEMA standards
Duty:
Motor load condition, whether it is continuous load, short time, periodic, etc.
Date:
Date of manufacturing.
Class Insulation :
Insulation class used for the motor construction. This specifies max. limit of the motor winding temperature.
NEMA Design :
This specifies to which NEMA design class the motor belongs to.
Service Factor :
Factor by which the motor can be overloaded beyond the full load.
NEMA Nom. Efficiency :
Motor operating efficiency at full load.
PH :
Specifies the number of stator phases of the motor.
Pole :
Specifies the number of poles of the motor.
Y :
Specifies whether the motor windings are Star (Y) connected or Delta (Δ) connected.
Safety Standard Symbol :
Specifies the motor safety standard.
Full Load Amps:
The amount of current the motor can be expected to draw under full load (torque) conditions is called Full Load Amps. It is also known as nameplate amps.
Locked Rotor Amps:
Also known as starting inrush, this is the amount of current the motor can be expected to draw under starting conditions when full voltage is applied.
Lock Rotor Current (IL)
Three Phase Motor: 1000x HP x (KVA/HP) / 1.732 x Volt Lock Rotor Current (IL)
Single Phase Motor: 1000x HP x (KVA/HP) / Volt.
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